Potassium Simulation Using HYDRUS-1D with Satellite-Derived Meteorological Data under Boro Rice Cultivation

Potassium (K) is a critical nutrient for crops, as it major constituent in fertilizer formulations. With increasing concentrations of K agricultural soil, necessary to understand its movement and retention the soil. Sub-surface modeling an alternative method overcome exhausting uneconomical methods study determine actual concentration HYDRUS-1D considered effective finite-element model which suitable sub-surface modeling. This requires input ground-station meteorological (GM) data taken at daily timestep simulation period. It can be limiting factor absence ground stations. The compares predictions surface soil layers under Boro rice cultivation obtained with usage different datasets. Thus, main hypothesis was validate that, GM data, satellite-based could utilized simulating two datasets that are included satellite-derived NASA-Power (NP) satellite product field scale may help applying other regions where not available. numerical results were validated experiments from four experimental fields varied doses. assessed regular depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–30, 30–45 45–60 cm), various stages crop growth, bare sowing, tillering stages. measured laboratory also simulated through optimized model. modeled values compared statistically using relative root mean square error (RMSER) Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (E) cropping pattern both NP data. found most 0–30 cm depth on all days treatment variations.